Addiction is a multi-dimensional phenomenon involving biological, psychological, and environmental factors. It is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive indulgence in a substance or behaviour despite the consequences.
It has a negative impact on a person’s physical and social well-being, according to psychologists. They consider addiction as a dysfunctional coping strategy used by people to deal with stress, trauma, or other unpleasant situations.
Due to its negative impact, at Diamonds Refined Recovery Ceneter, we approach addiction as a medical condition rather than a moral failing. This means treatment plans must be customized to the individual’s specific needs, which include pharmacological and behavioural therapies and support from family and community.
Types of addiction
The two types of addiction are substance addiction and behavioural addiction. Physical and psychological dependence on a substance, such as alcohol, drugs, or nicotine characterizes the former. It may cause withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.
On the other hand, behavioural addiction encompasses a range of compulsive behaviours, including gambling, shopping, pornography, sex, and internet use. It is defined as a psychological dependence on the behaviour rather than a physical dependence on a substance.
Understanding addictive behaviour
Addictive behaviour is a pattern of actions and decisions controlled by an intense desire for a specific substance or activity. The individual affected by addiction becomes dependent on the object of their obsession, losing control over their actions and the ability to make a sound judgment.
As the addiction progresses, the individual may start to display changes in their behaviour, such as isolating themselves from others, acting impulsively, neglecting responsibilities, and becoming more focused on their addiction.
The Cause of addictive behaviour
Addictive behaviour stems from genetic, environmental, and psychological factors.
Some may be genetically predisposed to addiction. Research suggests that genetics may account for 40-60% of a person’s risk for drug abuse.
Environmental factors such as stress, trauma, cultural influences, and access to the substance or activity can also influence a person’s relationship with addiction. A study published in the Psychology of Addictive Behaviors Journal supports this, highlighting the impact of advertising on behaviours like gambling participation.
Psychological factors such as low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety may also play a role in the development of addiction.
Major characteristics of addictive behaviour
The behaviour can manifest differently from person to person, but some common signs include the following:
- Trauma: A history of trauma can trigger other characteristics, such as excessive anxiety and social isolation, increasing the risk of addiction.
- Isolation: Individuals with addictive behaviour tend to be loners who describe themselves as socially awkward. They feel like they do not fit in with others.
- Lack of impulse control: The inability to delay gratification or avoid certain behaviours despite potential consequences.
- Low tolerance to stress and lack of resilience: Poor internal coping skills can lead individuals to seek external ways to handle stress. This can result in using substances or other addictive behaviours to escape the pain.
- Obsessive or compulsive thinking: Obsessive thinking patterns are also common, and when coupled with a lack of impulse control, it can contribute to the development of addiction.
- Risk taking: They tend to engage in risky behaviour, which can be observed as early as childhood.
Main areas the brain is associated with addiction
The three main areas of the brain associated with addiction are the following:/
Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)
This area releases dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. When people consume drugs or other addictive substances, the dopamine release in the VTA increases, leading to feelings of joy and euphoria.
Prefrontal Cortex
While it is responsible for planning, thinking, and problem-solving, it also plays a role in drug addiction. Reduced impulse control in this area can lead to compulsive drug-seeking behaviour.
Amygdala
This area is responsible for processing emotions like fear and stress. Drugs and other addictive substances can affect the amygdala, leading to emotional regulation changes, and contributing to addiction.
Summary
Due to its negative impact, at Diamonds Refined Recovery Ceneter we approach addiction as a medical condition rather than a moral failing. This means treatment plans must be customized to the individual’s specific needs, which include pharmacological and behavioural therapies and support from family and community.
At Diamonds, we aim to reduce the stigma surrounding this condition and provide a platform for an open, honest conversation and treatment about this matter. We hope to educate and empower and treat individuals with dignity, families, and communities to take a holistic approach when understanding and addressing addiction.